Metallurgical process
The metallurgical process is divided in 3 different ways:
Pyrometallurgy is a branch of extractive metallurgy. It consists of the thermal treatment of minerals and metallurgical ores and concentrates to bring about physical and chemical transformations in the materials to enable recovery of valuable metals. Pyrometallurgical treatment may produce products able to be sold such as pure metals, or intermediate compounds or alloys, suitable as feed for further processing. Examples of elements extracted by pyrometallurgical processes include the oxides of less reactive elements like iron, copper, zinc, chromium, tin, and manganese. Link: [Pyrometallurgy]
Hydrometallurgy is a technique within the field of extractive metallurgy, the obtaining of metals from their ores. Hydrometallurgy involve the use of aqueous solutions for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. Processing techniques that complement hydrometallurgy are pyrometallurgy, vapour metallurgy, and molten salt electrometallurgy. Link: [Hydrometallurgy]
Electrometallurgy is a method that uses electrical energy to produce metals by electrolysis. Electrometallurgy is usually the last stage in metal production and is therefore preceded by pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical operations. The electrolysis can be done on a molten metal oxide (smelt electrolysis) which is used for example to produce aluminium.
Link: [Electrometallurgy]
Picture: Pyrometallurgy process
Trade off in recycling
Metal can theoretically be recycled again and again without degrading their properties. The quality of grade «G» of a metal is a measure of purity of the product. It describes in which way or method the different metals will be prepared and recycled. For the different «G’s» are different ways. There is an inverse relationship or a trade-off between the quality of the material recovered and the amount of material required for the purification or metallurgical processes. link: [Trade off in recycling]
Vocabulary:
intermediate compounds - Zwischenverbindungen
obtaining - erhalten
preceded - vorausgegangen
Quiz: [link]
Silvan & Luana
Wind turbine
Produced energy from wind is renewable. The main part of producing energy out of wind is the wind turbine. In Swiss we got over 57 of them. But how do they produce energy out of wind? It’s simple. The turbines have three rotor blades which rotate when there is enough wind blow. By rotating, they start an engine which produces energy and uploads the energy into the power line. It is important for the wind farm to be able to store electricity so that it can also be used when the wind turbines are at a standstill - for example during maintenance work or difficult weather conditions in alpine winter. For space reasons, it will likely result in battery storage - six stores the size of shipping containers. Each storage facility must be able to store the daily production of electricity from a wind turbine.[Wind turbine, 2010] [How to save wind energy, 2017]
Picture: Wind turbine
Another type of mechanism with windpower is the windmill. In the middle age the farmer used the windmill to produce flour out of wheat.
Picture: Windmill
Wind turbine in Switzerland:
In Switzerland there are not so mandy windturbine, thats because siwtzerland is not a typical country for them. But in the canton of jura and in some mountains there are windtrubine. Switzerland has not so much space for those big windturbine,but in this case there are some ‘parks’ weher it has some windtubine that are enough. They are mostly build in industriezone. [WWF_Wind energy_2017]
Change of Windturbine over Decades:
Between 1978 and 2010, the wind speed declined by an approximate 0.3 kilometers per hour per decade. From 2010 to 2017, however, the wind speed rose by 0.9 kilometers per hour. According to the survey, the electricity that could be selected from a conventional system using the wind has increased by a circular 17% since 2010. In addition, the increase was 22% in North America and Europe, and within 11% in Asia. So from year to year there are not more windturbine in switzerland, only when they find some free space they can build some even if the wind speed increases. [The expansion of wind energy in Switzerland_2017]
Here you find an interesting Video regarding the building of wind turbines.
[Building a wind turbine_2018]
Question: Wherecan you find the windmill?
Group: Silvan Vlaj, Luana Di Benedetto
Our heat pump works like a refrigerator - only the other way around. A refrigerator generates cold from the outside heat, while a heat pump extracts the energy from the environment (air, earth, water) and transfers it to the house as heat via the heat exchanger. So it is a renewable energy source we use at home.
Picture: Heat pump
Our planet has not enough ressources to use them forever. We need to share now ! Everyone of us should think for himself, how to share things in his privacy to protect our environment and the planet. We made some discussions and deep thoughts and we came up with the idea to share buildings.
The humanity has built a lot of building in the century. Is it really necessary to build so much more of them or can’t we just share those who are already built? An important reason is the space. We could use it better for plant trees for example.
Of course is our population growing, but we need to think about our nature, because if we act like now in the future, it will disappear. We can't raise up our children like our parents did with us. Stop wasting to much resources, SHARE!
Picture: Future City
Group: Giorgio Zanatta, Silvan Vlaj
We focused on Transportation all over the world including planes, cars and lorrys. Transportation, not only goods but also people transportation, causes 30 % of the whole CO2-emission. We made some research about what could be a usable and simple solution to reduce the amount of the worldwide emission. Have you ever asked yourself what causes the most CO2-emission?
If you are interessted in finding out... read our post NOW!
Picture: Different transportation method
Audio: THIS AUDIO WILL CHANGE THE WORLD.mp3 (1.18 mb)
More...
Paper production through hemp – an alternative? (dontwastemy.energy)
I think it is interesting that we are able to use hemp in a lot of different ways. More...